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Field guide / construction chemistry

The chemistry that holds buildings together, explained plainly.

Coatings, membranes, sealants and admixtures decide how long a structure lasts. This guide explains what each family does, where it fits and what to ask before anyone opens a bucket.

Applicator in a protective suit spraying a coating with a plural component gun
Fig. 01 Spray application of a two part coating
  1. 01Protective coatings
  2. 02Waterproofing
  3. 03Sealants and joint fillers
  4. 04Concrete admixtures
  5. 05Floor coatings
  6. 06Polyurea
Spray rig on a coated deck above a lake and forested hills

Good results start before the first coat.

Prep, weather and timing shape a project as much as the product on the label.

Method

How to choose, in five steps

Read the full guide
  1. 01

    Name the exposure

    Write down what the surface will face: foot or wheel traffic, standing water, chemicals, sunlight, heat, cleaning methods. This list narrows the field faster than anything else.

  2. 02

    Read the substrate

    Note what you are coating and its condition. Concrete age, moisture, cracks, old coatings and contamination all change the prep and the primer.

  3. 03

    Shortlist by chemistry

    Use the exposure list to pick one or two chemistry families, then look at products within them. The comparison page is a quick way in.

  4. 04

    Compare data sheets

    Line up the technical and safety data sheets. Check application temperature, cure times, recoat windows, thickness and any test standards the supplier lists.

  5. 05

    Plan the work

    Agree on prep method, weather limits, inspection points and who signs off each stage. A short written plan prevents most disputes later.

Chemistries at a glance

A qualitative view. Products vary, so the data sheet always has the final word.

ChemistryCure speedFlexibilitySunlightWhere it often shows up
EpoxyModerateLow, hard and rigidCan chalk or yellow outdoorsPrimers, indoor floors, tank linings
PolyurethaneModerateMedium to highAliphatic grades hold colorFloor topcoats, roof coatings, sealants
PolyureaVery fastHighAromatic grades change colorRoofs, containment, linings, truck beds
PolyasparticFastMediumGenerally holds colorGarage and showroom floors, topcoats
See all seven chemistries

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Glossary

Words on a data sheet

Open the glossary
Admixture
A material added to concrete in small amounts to change how it flows, sets or lasts.
Aliphatic
A type of coating chemistry that holds its color in sunlight. Often used for topcoats.
Aromatic
A type of coating chemistry that can yellow or darken in sunlight. Often used where it will be covered or kept indoors.
Backer rod
A foam cord pushed into a joint before sealing so the sealant bonds to two sides only.
Broadcast
Throwing sand, quartz or flakes into a wet coating to add texture or color.
Crystalline waterproofing
A treatment that reacts with moisture inside concrete to grow crystals that block water paths.